Lyrical Ballads Captures The Hour of Feeling Essay -- Coleridge Wordsw

Expressive Ballads were written in a period of extraordinary change. They were ruled by the French Revolution and both Wordsworth and Coleridge felt incredible effect from this. There was interruption done with the American War of Independence and different wars around the world. England itself was changing quickly because of pilgrim extension, which brought new riches, thoughts and style, and there was a lot of unsettling influence to both the individuals and the land with the demonstration of fenced in area, which may have implied progressively powerful cultivating however less work. The presentation of the Poor Laws implied that landowners paid their outstanding staff almost no realizing that they would be enhanced by poor help. Anyway the conditions expressed by the Laws before help would be given were fundamentally the same as ?The Last Of The Flock? with individuals surrendering each mean of self help and along these lines diminish the opportunity of them regularly living auton omously once more. The Industrial Revolution presented the new ?center? class for which a considerable lot of these sonnets were composed for. They utilize basic language to permit them to comprehend and self instruct, which a large number of them were keen on doing and bettering themselves, much like Wordsworth himself and his sister as appeared in ?Tintern Abbey?. Here he discusses her being at the phase of instruction that he was five years before when he last visited. In spite of all the war and change there was next to no arrangement for the individuals who got deserted, for example, those left jobless because of the Industrial Revolution and walled in area just as returning servicemen. The impact of this was felt generally as appeared in ?The Female Vagrant?, the spouse of an officer compelled to move nations and so forth and the expanding condition of destitution they survived. In an alternate culture ?The F... ...t brought all the incredible things they had sought after and things had not beat that, by and large things had really decayed. Wordsworth and Coleridge appeared to be of a comparable feeling to everyone all through this entire period, the two of them started loaded with hopefulness for this season of progress before gradually getting more against it as appeared in a portion of their verse. ?Tale for Fathers? for instance is a somewhat skeptical sonnet concentrating on a negative zone of the human condition overall. Melodious Ballads particularly reflects Wordsworth and Coleridge?s emotions on society at that point and to me they appear to be of indistinguishable suppositions from everyone during that period. The verse and without a doubt the Romantic Movement likewise represented the ?hour of feeling? well and accordingly I accept that Lyrical Ballads catches the ?hour of feeling? successfully.

The Significance Of The Scarlet Letter A Essays -

The Significance Of The Scarlet Letter A The Significance of the Scarlet Letter ?A?. Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter manages numerous themes, the most remarkable being discipline. In this novel, Hester Prynne turns into an exceptionally regarded individual in a Puritan culture by conquering perhaps the harshest discipline, the red letter. This article on ?her chest? (60) does the specific inverse of which it is truly implied for. In the long run, Hester upsets all the chances against her because of her boldness, pride, and exertion. Hester went past the stated aim of the law and did everything asked of her so as to demonstrate that she is ?Able? (156). Hester turned out to be a significant famous needle worker, appreciated everywhere throughout the town of Boston for her work. Hester is unobtrusive in everything that she does. Hester herself wears just poor dress, while she weaves great works for the remainder of Boston. Hester was not permitted to weave objects relating to a wedding be that as it may. This was on the grounds that the articles for a wedding speak to the estimations of marriage, and she had submitted infidelity. By submitting infidelity, she broke her promises of marriage. She had conflicted with the guarantees in marriage, so for what reason should she weave objects for another person's wedding. Hester still carries out the responsibility eagerly and once in a while ever thinks back to the appalling past. Hester consistently wore the red letter ?A? with pride and nobility. She realized that what was done in the past wasn't right and that the red ?A? was her discipline, accordingly it is worn with a feeling of pride . She wore it with satisfaction since she never minded what others thought of her, never took it off, and never appeared to have grumbled. She had just expressed that the ?identification of disgrace? (110) had ?showed her every day? (100). Murt 2 Hester's kid, Pearl, is ?a gift and as a token of her transgression? (93). As though the red ?A? was insufficient discipline there ?was an imp of that awful variety? (100), which would help Hester to remember what had occurred before. The ?whelp? could have been offered away to Governor Bellingham, however Hester broadcasted that Pearl ?is my joy!? Ye will not take her! I will bite the dust first!? (112). Pearl was Hester's blessing from God, in spite of the fact that the townspeople accepted that she was sent from the ?devil posterity? (243). Little Pearl was additionally Hester's youngster from Dimmesdale, whom she cherishes. Along these lines, Hester being a delicate and loving mother would not have any desire to surrender her lone youngster, she would give her life. Not an individual in Boston, or Hester herself had a favorable opinion of the little mythical person kid, yet Hester still would not release Pearl. Hester hauled the youngster around simply because she was an immediat e impression of her wrongdoing. All through the sections, Hester keeps Pearl ever nearer to her side. I appreciate the primary character Hester in light of the fact that she never surrendered trust and never carried out a responsibility inadequately. In the city of Boston, ?numerous individuals would not decipher the red ?A? by its unique connotation. They said that it implied ?Able?; so solid was Hester Prynne, with a lady's quality? (156). Before the finish of the novel, the individuals of Boston put stock in Hester and acknowledge her since she is a difficult, beneficial specialist in the Puritan culture. The townspeople were rethinking whether Hester was as yet deserving of wearing the red letter, when Hester was going to leave with Dimmesdale (her darling). The individuals of Boston understood that Hester had taken in her exercise from submitting infidelity, and whatever underhandedness was contained inside her, transformed into able. Murt 3 ?In Adam's fall, we trespassed all.? This statement from Bay Psalm Book could be associated with Hester. The Puritans were extremely upstanding and accepted that they also were delinquents were all the while paying for their unique sin made by Adam and Eve. Hester Prynne submitted a horrible sin and needed to pay for it for an amazing remainder. Being one of the primary characters, the peruser had the option to perceive how Hester changed all through the book. She went from being a character of disgrace, to a character of adoration. That wrongdoing of infidelity hugy affected Hester's character. By

8 Secrets Your Body Language is Revealing About You

8 Secrets Your Body Language is Revealing About You All around the world, there are thousands of languages.One of them and probably the most important of them is body language.WHAT’S BODY LANGUAGE? Body language is the means of communication with other people through how we position our body or gestures we make.But how often do you pay attention to body language?In your daily interactions, its vital to pay attention to your body language and that of other people you interact with.Because many times, body language speaks the truth far better than tongues can.And many times, people say opposite of what they mean.Having knowledge of body language can help you identify when things may be different from the words youre hearing. And people can get your messages better with body language.How important is body language? From Professor Mehrabians study in the 1960s, there was a claim that 93% of human communication is nonverbal.Even though other experts have refuted that value as an exaggeration and a misunderstanding of the results of the s tudy, they put the value at about 60 to 70% of human communication.Whatever way you look at it, body language usually plays a bigger role than the words you say. The beauty, or the catastrophe, is that body language affects many things you do in life.Without overstating it, body language could determine your success in some critical aspects of your life.Two big aspects that come to mind is your career and personal relationships.A question that may have bothered you for a long time is: why do two people say the same things and get totally different results?How do some people manage to convince everyone at work of their ideas? How do some people attract the opposite sex without trying or saying special words?The answer could be the difference in body language. In this guide, well go through some things your body language says about you to other people.1. Crossed Arms Around the ChestYou probably see people crossing their arms around their chest every day. But what does this mean in yo ur daily conversations?There are many possible explanations for this body language. The most common reason for this gesture is that the other party is closed off about the topic youre discussing.Lets say youre having a discussion with a coworker and they maintain this pose, it usually means theyre uninterested in what youre saying.Of course, this could be for many reasons. Maybe theyre angry with you personally or youre bothering them too much. Or your idea is bland. This posture, combined with other signals, can show more accurately the message the other party is trying to send to you.When you have this posture too, this is what youre telling people even without opening your mouth.Another aspect when this passes a message is in personal relationships especially in dating or parents relating to their children.What does this posture mean in dating? At the beginning of a potential relationship, this could be that the other party is not interested.For instance, when a lady crosses her arms across her chest when meeting a guy for the first time, it could be that shes uninterested in what the guy has to say.Most likely, shes probably not looking forward to meeting the guy again. If this occurs between two people who are already dating, it could be that someone is angry at their partner for a reason.This can often happen between parents and children. When a child maintains this pose while their parent is talking, then theyre usually not in agreement with their parent.In some cases, it could be a sign of rebellion and willingness to disobey their parent. A parent can see this sign and know that their message is not getting through.Generally, when you notice this posture, then you should consider what could attract this posture and try to make the necessary amendments.If you maintain this pose, you should open your arms to make you look open and accessible to the person talking to you.Of course, there are exceptions to what Ive stated.Sometimes, this posture could be maintained jokingly. In cases like this, its usually evident to both parties and theres no worry.2. Eye Contact As some would say, the eye is the window of the soul.Through the eye, you can see through someone and get a lot of knowledge about what theyre trying to communicate to you.Some possible gestures made with the eyes include:a. Avoiding Eye ContactWhen youre talking to someone but they seem to look at every other thing apart from your eyes, what does it mean? There are common reasons for this.Usually, in dating, this could be because someone is uninterested in the other person.For instance, a lady who seems to never look at a guys eyes could be telling her indirectly she has no interest in dating.However, this is not cast in stone. Some ladies will do this when theyre just getting to know someone and most of these body languages dont work in isolation.In fact, some ladies will avert their eyes because theyre shy. Or maybe they dont want a man to see through them.Between pare nts and children, eye contact starts from the time a child is born. What happens when a child avoids their parent’s eye?It could be for many reasons.Sometimes, it could be because the child is shy.But most times, its because the child is lying or trying to hide something from the parent. In this case, the parent can probe the child to get to the bottom of the issue.When you avert your eyes from people, this could be the message youre passing across to them. You should be aware of this to avoid sending the wrong messages.b. Making Eye ContactPeople pass many messages through eye contact. And its no surprise that some people communicate with themselves through eye contact without a spoken word.What does eye contact tell people about you? A lot, actually!Sometimes, eye contact is a way to show your interest in another person romantically. Its also a way of flirting. A deep gaze into another persons eyes could build the connection between you and the person. Even between people who a re in a relationship, eye contact is an important means of communication.At work, strong eye contact with your colleagues could make you more assertive. It could also help you to put your points across effectively.When you maintain eye contact with your colleagues, it gives the impression that youre really listening. So you should try to maintain eye contacts with your colleagues at work.Eye contact with your child could also help you build a strong connection with your child.c. Rolling EyesIn most cases, this is usually meant as an insult. Its common when theres a conflict between two people.If you roll your eyes at people, its likely theyll see it as an insult. In some cases though, it might be a way to joke around if done in a friendly context.d. Dilation or Contraction of the PupilThis can occur as a result of two main things:The amount of light availableA persons desire for another personGenerally, the pupil contracts in the afternoon as there is a high level of light in the af ternoon. And pupils dilate in the evening due to low light. Source: Five Seasons MedicineIn another sense, your pupil will dilate when you feel attracted to someone. In most cases, dilation of the pupil is unconscious.A good effect is that it usually prompts dilation of the pupil in the person youre having eye contact with.This is one of the reasons dinners with candle lights are so romantic.The low amount of light from the candles will prompt dilated pupils from the two people having dinner.This can be a way for you to show more attraction to your partner.3. Touching Your Face and HairWhen youre attracted to someone, your skin will usually be more sensitive; especially around your face. Its possible you touch your mouth or lips.Its common for ladies to also touch their necks and hair when theyre attracted to a man.These reactions are usually caused by more flow of blood to the face when youre attracted to someone.Another part you can touch unconsciously is your neck. In many cases, people touch their neck when they feel threatened by a parti cular situation.For instance, if you usually touch your neck before answering a particular question.This could be a threatening question and people usually lie when they answer the question while touching their neck.Another function of touching the neck can be to relieve stress.In stressful situations, people touch their neck to slow their heart rate and lead to a calming effect.Likewise, people touch their neck with their hands or shoulder when they lack confidence or are nervous in a situation.You should try to avoid touching your necks as much as possible to avoid giving off these signs.4. Smile A smile is a facial expression that shows happiness about an issue or with an individual. When people see a smile on your face, it attracts a positive reaction from them.However, its important to note that not every smile is real. Some smiles are fake and just meant to be polite.Experts believe that one way to identify a real smile is that it engages the muscles in the face whereas a fake smile is usually just evident in the mouth.For instance, people will likely see a wrinkle around your eyes when you have a real smile on your face.A real smile can be contagious.Have you laughed before because people around you were laughing? Even when youre unaware of why theyre laughing?A smile can transmit happiness to another person and they see you as less dangerous.Regardless of whether you have a fake or real smile on your face, its a way to make other people smile.Therefore, conversations become easier and you can build better bonds in your personal and business relationships.5. HandshakesThis is a gesture that is common in formal settings. And how you shake hands with people may define how they see you.Do you have a weak handshake?This could make people see you as weak and lacking in confidence. On the other hand, having a firm handshake makes you look strong and confident to other people. At workplaces, its important that people view you as strong. This is especially impo rtant during negotiations as it sets the tone.If you go on with the other party seeing you as weak, then you may not get the best out of the negotiation.Other tips you need to keep in mind while having handshakes is to look at somebody in the eye while shaking their hands.Added to that, you should stand straight and make your body open to the person youre shaking.All these give you a more confident look when meeting people. It can also create a good first impression if youre meeting someone for the first time.If you want to see examples of how handshakes should be done, you can look at CEOs of companies when they meet other people.You can also look at the presidents of countries. For instance, you can look at Barrack Obama when shaking hands with other leaders.You can also look at Donald Trump while shaking hands. These are handshakes that show power and is aimed at making you look strong to the other party.6. ProximityThe concept of personal space explains a bit about proximity.For instance, theres common advice that you should be mindful of invading peoples personal space unless youre in a romantic relationship or have family ties.Nevertheless, getting close to people is not only useful in personal relationships. It can also help you to improve your connection to colleagues at work. Daily, you interact with coworkers and often build friendships with them. Staying aloof all the time to a coworker might look weird after a period of time.Sure, when you first start getting to know a coworker, you can maintain your distance.But as you get to know each other, you should maintain close proximity so far the coworker doesnt have issues with it.This will show other people your confidence and youre also likely to have better collaborations with such workers.7. MirroringA huge portion of attracting other people is body language.And one important body language you can implement is to mirror what people do.Its an old psychological trick. But that doesnt make it less effec tive.People are generally more receptive to other people who are like them. And this is one of the main aims of mirroring.When you mirror an individuals posture, they see you as similar to them and theyll like you more for that.This is important when trying to build a relationship with another person, whether personal or business.In his book, Influence, Robert Cialdini explains this concept more. If youre trying to make someone like you, one strategy you should implement is mirroring.Its benefit in personal relationships is that your potential partner can see you as a likable person. And thus, get more interested in you.And for business, salespeople do this as it helps them connect better with their potential customers. Likewise, you can use it to build better relationships with coworkers.8. Hand and Arm Gestures Talking to people without making gestures can make you look robotic. Therefore, to make you more convincing, you should show hand and arm gestures.Without adding substance to what you say, it helps you to get your points across effectively. Apart from making hand and arm gestures while talking, there are other gestures that reveal your mood to another person.When you have your hands clenched, people can see this as a sign of frustration. especially if your clenched hands are raised high.Another gesture you can make is that of a steepling hand. This could be the raised or lowered steeple. When you use this gesture, it shows confidence.You can use either the raised or the lowered steepled hands. The raised steeple is advisable when youre talking to someone and the lowered for when youre listening to someone.Also, gripping your hands behind your back can make you look confident to people. One popular set of people who do this are headmasters when they go through their school.DIFFERENCE IN CULTURESHaving talked about many body language gestures, you have to note that theres no hard rule about what a gesture means.First of all, people have to look at the context in which you show body language.Then the way people see your body language will also depend on your location and its culture.For instance, in some parts of the United States, people hug freely and are less protective of their personal space.However, its a different story in some other parts. When you consider this, people will see proximity differently in these areas. Thus, the interpretation of your body language will be different.CONCLUSIONBody language is a vital part of our daily lives.The interesting thing is that some of these actions are unconscious. You need to bring your body language to your consciousness and ensure that youre not sending the wrong message to people.Check out all these body language gestures and use them to build the right personal and work relationships.

Validity and Reliability Matrix Essay - 1533 Words

Galinda Individual Validity and Reliability Matrix Internal consistency--The application and appropriateness of internal consistency would be viewed as reliability. Internal consistency describes the continuous results provided in any given test. It guarantees that a range of items measure the singular method giving consistent scores. The appropriateness would be to use the re-test method in which the same test is given to be able to compare whether the internal consistency has done its job (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). For example a test that could be given is the proficiency test which provides three different parts to the test, but if a person does not pass the test the same test is given again. Strengths—The strength of†¦show more content†¦Weaknesses—The weakness would be if the characteristics that are being measured assumed would change over time, and lower the test/retest reliability. If the measurements were due to variance other than error variance there would be a problem. If the reliability of a test is lower than the real measurement it may be because the construct may varies. Parallel and alternate forms—The parallel and the alternative forms of test reliability utilize multiple instances of the same test items at two different time with the same participants (Cohen Swerdlik, 2010). These kinds of test of reliability measurement could be proper when a person is measuring traits over a lengthy period of time, but would not be proper if a person was to measure one’s emotional state. Strengths---The parallel and alternate form measure the reliability of the core construct during variances of the same test items. Reliability will go up when equal scores are discovered on multiple form of the same test. Internal consistency estimate of reliability can analyze the reliability of a test with the test taker going through several exams. Weaknesses- The parallel and alternate form test takes up a lot of time and can be expensive along with bothersome for test takers who have to take different versions of the test over again. These tests are not dependable when measuringShow MoreRelatedPsychometric Properties Essay1274 Words   |  6 Pagesavailable for empirically assessing the reliability and validity of a measurement scale. This section addresses how the reliability and validity of this scale is evaluated to determine the efficacy of TQM Scale in measuring the total quality management practices in higher education institutions. Validity Evidences Content validity was undertaken to ascertain whether the content of the scale was appropriate and relevant to the study purpose. Content validity indicates the content reflects a completeRead MoreUsing Item Creation Of An Organization Essay1312 Words   |  6 Pagescreated was â€Å"I prefer to blend in the crowd† for the Narcissism subscale. 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Human Trafficking Is The Modern Slavery - 1415 Words

When forced into sex trafficking statistics state that 67 percent of prisoners are forced into labor, 55 percent are women and girls, and 26 percent are children that endure the conditions and harshness of this generation s modern slavery. Human trafficking is the modern slavery throughout the globe and 27,000 cases have been reported to the NHTRC hotline in the last eight years alone (Human Trafficking). Human trafficking is of all ages, all genders, and anyone can be forced into the labor. There are some movies that shine light on this topic, â€Å"Taken† for example seems to be one of the closest movies to the ongoings of sex trafficking. Two women were taken from their vacation and one of the girls fathers goes after her and tries to track her down. We saw from the beginning how the young man, who was to abduct them, was able to learn where they lived, that they were tourist, and that they were alone with a whole floor to themselves. It was an easy catch and the two ladies did not even know what they had done by sprouting what they thought was harmless information. Women are seen as weak and property, we can see this through-out social media, even though there is talk of equality amongst men and women in this generation it is clear that women are mere objects amongst a large group of men. Human trafficking is a by far one of the cruelest acts, yet not until 2003 was it established as a type type A felony (Children: Not for Sale). Minors under the age of 18 years forcedShow MoreRelatedModern Slavery : Human Trafficking1204 Words   |  5 PagesOur nation has had many encounters with the world’s most horrifying phenomenon, modern slavery, also known as human trafficking. Modern slavery consists of people being taken away by force or unknowingly of the situation to become exploited in many ways no matter the age, ethnicity, or color of the skin (DEF). 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ThisRead MoreHuman Trafficking And Modern Day Slavery Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Trafficking There is an ever growing problem that is coursing the world. Every day 3,287 people are sold or kidnapped, and are forced into slavery. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) Most people do not realize that modern-day slavery happens closer to home than they think. 14,000-17,500 is the estimated number of people trafficked into the United States each year. (Human Trafficking Statistics Reports 2012) The government has tried to reduce this problem as well as everyday peopleRead MoreHuman Trafficking Is A Modern Form Of Slavery2527 Words   |  11 Pages Human Trafficking is one of the 3 largest criminal industries that take advantage of victims through slavery, organ trade, sexual exploitation and forced labor. Usually a victim is legally transferred to another country so that the people of this crime are benefited financially. Human Trafficking has become a modern form of slavery. When people hears the word ‘slavery,’ it is a harsh reality for many people who find s themselves bought and sold like objects, and treated with no dignity. Human TraffickingRead MoreHuman Trafficking : Modern Day Slavery1604 Words   |  7 PagesHuman Trafficking One of the most serious crimes worldwide, human trafficking is the buying, selling, and transportation of people for the use of sexual exploitation, forced labor, or organ removal. â€Å"Human trafficking is modern-day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.† (What is human trafficking Homeland) It happens in the United States and foreign countries. Many people do not see it happening, but in fact it is happening

Essay on Foundations and Characteristics of Attachment Theory

Attachment Theory Attachment theory comes out of the work of John Bowlby. However, it finds its genesis in Freud’s Psychoanalysis. Bowlby himself was trained in psychoanalysis and became a qualified practitioner in the approach. In his early 20s, however, before he enrolled in medical school or in the Institute of Psychoanalysis, he worked with children with behavior problems. These two forces, these experiences, perhaps formed the foundation and later development of his Attachment Theory. Spurred on by the number of children separated from their parents during World War II, Bowlby became interested in the interaction between caretaker and child, and what impact the character of that dynamic had on the development of either healthy or†¦show more content†¦Bowlby proposed that there are four characteristics of attachment: 1. Proximity Maintenance: The need to be close to the caregiver. 2. Safe Haven: The attachment figure’s availability when the child is experiencing distress. 3. Secure Base: Where the caregiver provides a base from which the child can securely explore the local environment. 4. Separation Distress: The anxiety that occurs when the child is separated from their caregiver. In assessing these characteristics—which was the purpose of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Procedure—one could conclude what type of attachment was operating. Types and Causes of Attachment Styles Bowlby and Ainsworth determined that attachment styles could be effectively differentiated into four distinct categories based on the observed attachment behaviors, behaviors that were based on the attachment characteristics. These styles, though not necessarily reflecting a true spectrum, do represent a brief array that includes a healthy schema of attachment, a severely dysfunctional schema, and two others that fall between. The styles are described by the nature of the manifestation of the characteristic. 1. Secure Attachment Style: The child can use the attachment figure for a secure base for exploration of their environment. Protests caregivers departure and seeks proximity and is comforted on return; returns to exploration after soothing. May be comforted by a stranger but shows definitive preference for the caregiver.Show MoreRelatedThe Attachment Theory and Factors Damaging to Attachment1163 Words   |  5 PagesAttachment Theory Relationships are the building block for personality and are significant in children’s ability to grow into substantial individuals who can thrive in an often harsh world. Constructing lasting and fulfilling relationships is an integral part to development as the interpersonal bonds forged are not only highly sought after but also set the ground work for all upcoming expressive interactions. Relationships and attachment go hand in hand as attachment is the strong and lasting linkageRead MoreApproaches and Theories to Childhood or Lifespan Development864 Words   |  3 Pagesnoticing what factors both induce and desist crying, one could use behaviorism to determine the various reasons and needs of the child. Attachment theory contends that children or babys cry because they have become attached to things. Those things are quite usually a person, although they can include other physical objects or places, mindsets, etc. Thus, this theory posits that the child is crying because it has been attached to its mother and is removed from her. By keeping the baby with her or closeRead MoreAttachment : A Deep And Enduring Emotional Bond1313 Words   |  6 Pages Attachment: An Analysis â€Å"Attachment is a deep and enduring emotional bond that connects one person to another across time and space’’ Mary Ainsworth (1973) In this essay I will explore the meaning and purpose of attachment and discuss research into attachment concentrating on John Bowlby’s 1944 â€Å"44 thieves† study conducted to test his maternal deprivation theory and Schaffer Emerson’s 1964 â€Å" Glasgow babies† study. There are twoRead MoreAttachment Theory As A Framework For Understanding Interpersonal And Emotional Outcomes Of Adults1442 Words   |  6 PagesResearchers have begun to use attachment theory, as a framework for understanding interpersonal and emotional outcomes of adults. Attachment theory also creates, an understanding of how parent relationships, affects a child’s early physiological development throughout adult-hood. In the past, research done on father -child relationships, has generally, focused on the attachment the child develops, when the father is absent in the child’s early stages of development. In my research, I found recentRead MoreAbuse Effects Future Generations By James T. Johnson1471 Words   |  6 Pagesdelinquent. In the following paragraphs, this paper will address one psychological theory that applies to the scenario discussed above, as well as one additional sociological theory that applies. This paper will go on to explain the concepts of the psychological theory in addition to explaining the concepts of the sociological theory. Furthermore, this paper will relate both the psychological and sociological theories to Johnson’s father as well as address why Johnson’s father reacted this way toRead MoreWho Is The Foundation For Modern Families?1709 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage has always been a defining part of society and still to this day continues to establish the foundation for modern families. However, there has also been a rise in the number of people who choose to cohabitate instead of marry. The couple that I interviewed not only cohabitate with each other, they have also lived with me for a few years now. I have known them both since before their relationship and hav e observed them grow and function as a successful cohabitating couple through multipleRead MoreApplying Theory1698 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: APPLYING THEORY Applying Theory Dinah M. Creamer University of Washington-Tacoma Human Behavior and the Social Environment TSOCW402-Theodora A. 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Electoral Minority Political Representation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Electoral Minority Political Representation? Answer: Introduction The above quoted lines of B.R. Ambedkar from Writings And Speeches: A Ready Reference Manual clearly indicates the meaning of Constitution which forms a basic aspect of the government of all countries. A Constitution is a written or oral document of fundamental precedents or principles which guide the governance of a particular nation or country[1]. Almost every Constitution of the world provides provisions for the electoral system through which the citizens can elect their leaders or the government to be more precise. Commenting on the importance of the Electoral system and the role of each citizen within it Albert Einstein said, The strength of the Constitution lies entirely in the determination of each citizen to defend it. Only if every single citizen feels duty bound to do his share in this defense are the constitutional rights secure[2]. Therefore, the role which each individual plays in the electoral system is very significant and the exercise of that role is very important fo r the achievement of the idea condition of democracy[3]. The essay intends to shed light on the electoral system of Canada. The thesis statement of this particular essay is whether the country of Canada needs a new electoral system or not. The government of Canada is based on Constitutional Monarchy with strong democratic traditions[4]. It is interesting to note that the democracy of Canada is ranked at the 6th position among all the nations of the world with an impressive rating of 9.15 out 10, with a turnout percentage of 68.49 during the elections[5]. In the political system of Canada, the Monarch is the constitutional head of the state[6]. The Monarch is vested with the power to appoint the Prime Minister but in reality he appoints the leader of the party with the majority votes as the Prime Minister of the nation[7]. The Parliament is divided into two houses- the House of Commons and the Senate[8]. There are two major political parties in the nation, namely, Liberal Party of Canada and Conservative Party of Canada[9]. However, in the present times it is seen that various new political parties like Bloc Qubcois and Green Party of Canada and others. It is to be noted that "first past the post" system forms the basis of the electoral system of the country of Canada[10]. The party with the majority of the votes forms the government. However, it is often seen that one party seldom attains the majority in the general elections. Therefore, majority of the times it is seen that the government is formed by the process of coalition. As already mentioned the Parliament of the country consists of two houses- the House of Common and the Senate[11]. The House of Common consists of the members selected on the basis on the general elections and they are generally considered to be the representatives of the common people. The Senate members on the other hand, are selected by the Governor General of the nations, primary on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of the nation. Initially, the elections were called in by the Prime Minister of the country. However, in the year 2007, the Conservative Parliament of the nation passed a dictum accord ing to which the elections were to be conducted after an interval of every 4 years[12]. In line with the dictum of Larry J. Sabato given in the book Pendulum Swing, Every election is determined by the people who show up, Canada is one of the few nations of the world where the majority of the few people believe in exercising their fundamental rights[13]. It is to be noted that the number of representatives in the House of Commons from a particular region depends on the population of that region, the size of that particular region and also the economic links of that region. The aboriginals as well as the Indians also get representation in the House of Commons. The job of conducting the elections is imbued with the Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, also called by the name of Elections Canada [14]. It is to be noted that the electoral system of Canada is a flexible one in comparison to the other nations of the world. All the citizens of the nations above the age of 18 years are eligible to vote in the elections. It is to be noted that until 1970, the government had a rule according to which only the citizens over the age of 21 years were eligible to vote in the general elections[15]. According to the Constitution of the nation, The franchise the right to vote for ones representative is the fundamental political right. It produces the most direct verdict by citizens on the performance of those who govern them. It is the key stone in the arch of the modern system of political rights in this country[16]. Therefore, the government provides equal voting rights to all its citizens. The government also takes into consideration the voting rights of the aboriginals and various other entities for the elections. It is to be noted that the government of Canada provides voting rights to the Indians and others foreign people living over there provided that they forfeit their natural citizenship of their motherland. The comment of Gerald Alfred is interesting to note in this particular context, It has been said that being born Indian is being born into politics. I believe this to be true; because being born a Mohawk of Kahnawake, I do not remember a time free from the impact of political conflict[17]. The voting process of the elections conducted by the government of Canada has been designed taking into consideration the comfort level of the various entities of the country. The citizens can go to the various polling booths to cast their votes. In addition to that for the medically disabled people as well as the ones who are hospitalized there are stipulations by means of which they can cast their votes through online means in the presence of representative election officers. In case of people who are even unable to avail the services of the online voting system and w ho are residing in the far off places the election commission even provides provisions wherein they can cast their votes at a later date during the advanced polls[18]. In addition to this, at the polling booth there are officials speaking both English and French languages in a bid to help the voters. These are some of the rare features which rarely any nation provides to its citizens. The Constitution of Canada provides for the equal representation of all the entities of the nation. According to the Constitution, The electoral system should have the confidence of Ontarians and reflect their values. This statement speaks volumes about the policy of equal representation followed by the government of Canada for the selection of the representatives. It is to be noted that legitimacy is one of the most important features of the electoral system of Canada. According to the Constitution, legitimacy is the result or consequence of a good electoral system. Therefore, the government of Canada seeks to promote the legitimacy of the electoral system through the policy of equal representation of all its entities. Commenting on the aspect of equal representation, the Constitution of the nation says that The Legislative Assembly should reflect the population of Ontario in accordance with demographic representation, proportionality and representation by population among other fac tors. Therefore, the elected personnels of the House of Commons indicate the overall makeup of the population of that particular province in terms of cultural identity, ethnicity, gender, class, economy and various other parameters[19]. The Elections Canada in order to encourage the participation of the aboriginals in the elections in the year 2006 launched a campaign with the slogan I can choose to make a difference. I can vote[20]. In the opinion of B.R. Ambedkar, It is not enough to be electors only. It is necessary to be law-makers; otherwise those who can be law-makers will be the masters of those who can only be electors. Therefore, the Canadian electoral system provides provision for the equal voting rights for all its citizens, irrespective of their gender, ethnicity, education and various other attributes and also provides equal opportunity to the candidates for participating in the general elections[21]. It is to be noted that the candidates participating in the elections can participate on behalf of any of the political parties or they can even participate in the elections as individual members as well. Another important fact to be noted about the Canadian electoral system is the proportionality system which it follows for the selection of the representatives in the House of Commons. The number of representatives elected to the House of Commons from a particular region or area is directly proportional to the total population as well as the area of that region. Therefore, each of the votes casted by the voters holds significance for the candidates participating in the general elections. This policy has been designed as per the dictum of Abraham Lincoln according to whom The ballot is stronger than the bullet[22]. There are people, on the other hand, who consider that the electoral system should be modified as it does not cater to all the needs as well as the requirements of the people. These people use the argument of Euripides from his play Orestes to justify their arguments, When one with honeyed words but evil mind" Persuades the mob, great woes befall the state The major bone of contention for these people is the first past the rope policy used by the electoral system of Canada for the selection of the party which would form the government[23]. Another argument used by them is the multiple riding policy used by the electoral system[24]. These people even feel that the minorities do not get adequate representation in the elections and in the House of Commons. They are even of the opinion that there is a certain amount of regional misrepresentation in the elections and even in the House of Commons[25]. According to DaShanne Stokes, Free elections don't always result in fair elections[26]. Therefore, they repudiate the present electoral system of the nation of Canada. However, it is to be noted that the electoral system of Canada is one of the most innovated ones among the various countries of the world and the nations is considered as one of the premier ones which practices the various precepts of the concept of democracy. It is to be noted t hat the first past the rope policy used by the Canadian government is one of the most fair ones, which gives priority to the choices of the people and is in use in most of the major democratic countries of the world[27]. It is true there are instances in which the minority people do not get equal amount of representation in the House of Commons but those instances are very rare and the electoral system has special provisions which ensure that such instances do not happen on a regular basis. Moreover, changing the electoral system and making it from the grass root level would not only incur a huge amount of capital but would also lead to a significant drainage of the resources of the nations. In the opinion of Abraham Lincoln, Don't interfere with anything in the Constitution. That must be maintained, for it is the only safeguard of our liberties[28]. Thus, it is advisable not to change the overall electoral system of the nation but rather to modify it as per the changing needs as we ll as the requirements of the people. Therefore, from the above discussion it becomes clear that the electoral system of Canada is a very fair one and provides equal opportunities to all its citizens. The electoral system also safeguards the liberty of the people and also takes into consideration the various changing needs as well as the requirements of the people and also the changing global scenario. The electoral system also safeguards the democracy of the nations and it is very important not for the nation but for the entire world as Canada is one of the major supporter of the system of democracy. References "Canadian Electoral Reform". 2018.Sfu.Ca. https://www.sfu.ca/~aheard/elections/reform.html. "Citizens Assembly". 2018.Citizensassembly.Gov.On.Ca. https://www.citizensassembly.gov.on.ca/en-CA/docs/Introductory/Principles%20and%20Characteristics%20of%20Electoral%20Systems.pdf. "Elections Canada". 2018.Elections.Ca. https://elections.ca/res/rec/part/paper/aboriginal/aboriginal_e.pdf. "House Of Commons". 2018.Ourcommons.Ca. https://www.ourcommons.ca/content/Committee/421/ERRE/Brief/BR8550163/br-external/McCullochStephen-e.pdf. "Your Vote Should Count". 2018.Broadbent Institute. https://www.broadbentinstitute.ca/electoral_reform. Ahmed, Amel.Democracy and the politics of electoral system choice: engineering electoral dominance. Cambridge University Press, 2013. Bickerton, James, and Alain-G. Gagnon, eds.Canadian politics. University of Toronto Press, 2014. Bowler, Shaun, and Todd Donovan.The limits of electoral reform. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013. Forest, Benjamin. "Electoral redistricting and minority political representation in Canada and the United States."The Canadian Geographer/Le Gographe canadien56, no. 3 (2012): 318-338. Joseph, Rebecca. 2018. "Canada Is A Full Democracy, U.S. Is Not: Report".Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/3999377/canada-us-democracy-2017/. Kohut, Tania. 2018. "What Trudeau Said: A Look Back At Liberal Promises On Electoral Reform".Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/3102270/justin-trudeau-liberals-electoral-reform-changing-promises/. Mackie, Thomas T., and Richard Rose.The international almanac of electoral history. Springer, 2016. Office, Privy. 2018. "Electoral Systems Factsheet - Canada.Ca".Canada.Ca. https://www.canada.ca/en/campaign/electoral-reform/learn-about-canadian-federal-electoral-reform/electoral-systems-factsheet.html. WILSON, JOHN, and TERENCE QUALTER. 2018. "Canadian Electoral Systems".The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/electoral-systems/.

The Successes of European Imperialism free essay sample

At the height of their power, the British Empire consisted of half the world. But how did it get there, and where exactly is â€Å"there†? With Europe having just undergone the Industrial Revolution, it needed resources to fuel its economy. The fact that Europe had gone through an Industrial Revolution and nowhere else had gave them an advantage over the rest of the world. The successes of European imperialism were many. It gave a few power over many, it fuelled Europe’s economy, and it spread Western influence across the globe. Above all, it Westernized the world, a fact that remains today, while the rest do not. It is easy to tell at a glance, how much the world has been Westernized. The easiest way to tell is the widespread English language. Once upon a time, there was only one country who spoke this language – an island in Europe. But now, you’d be hard-pressed to find a country where no one speaks English. We will write a custom essay sample on The Successes of European Imperialism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Even in China, you can easily get English interpreters. English is one of the official languages of dozens of countries around the globe. Another influence from Europe that has now proceeded to sweep the globe is Christianity. It started out as a predominantly European religion, and is now the most common religion in the world. This was another marvelous success of the spreading of western influence. There was also a flood of other, minor, western influences that have traversed the planet. People all over the world dress like Westerners, do business like Westerners, do science like Westerners, and many other things. This is significant because it unified the world to a degree. Why? Because of imperialism. These few Europeans spread their way of life to the many around the world. Secondly, it is astonishing how a few small countries in Europe could hold sway over dozens of larger countries around the globe. This in itself is a remarkable success. Controlling the world the way the Europeans did is no easy feat. Regardless of how powerful the army, if enough people rebel, they will break free. Eventually it happened. After WWII, the British hold on their empire, especially their African one, crumbled, and with it, all of European colonialism collapsed. But for a hundred years, Europe was the boss. Why Europe is a question for another time, but the fact is that they did, for better or worse. To begin with, it is hard enough to imagine that a small island in the western part of Europe could control even one large country like India. But control it they did. Furthermore, they controlled many other places as well. Africa to name but one. While they didn’t control all of Africa, the Europeans controlled almost the entire continent. Again, they lost it after WWII, but for many years, the owned it. They needed the resources of half the world to fuel their factories and their economies. Lastly, fuelling their economy in and of itself is an achievement. Their colonies gave Europe vast markets to sell to, and the colonies’ resources gave Europe the fuel it needed. The Industrial Revolution was driving imperialism, and imperialism was driving it. This relationship between the Industrial Revolution and imperialism was making Europe the masters of the world. They sold opium to China, driving their economy, and China complained. So they crushed them. No country had yet succeeded at resisting. After WWII, the African countries rebelled, and eventually they broke free, but for a long time, Europe had succeeded at fuelling its economy with the riches of its colonies. Leaf subsides to leaf So Eden sank to grief So dawn goes down to day Nothing gold can stay. –Robert Frost While there is a difference of opinion on weather or not European imperialism was gold, it certainly didn’t stay. WWII caused its demise, and it hasn’t come back since. China bounced back, is a major world power, and is set to overtake the US economically. India is independent, and also has a large economy. Africa threw off European rule, and is now a patchwork of independent countries from Angola to Zimbabwe. Japan managed to industrialize in time, and has a strong, modern economy. And, lastly, South East Asia became independent and is playing an ever-larger role in the world’s economy and politics. European imperialism was enormously successful while it lasted, and its effects live on to today.

Free Essays on Lakes Reflection

A chip off of the old block or not. E.B. White’s essay â€Å" Once More to the Lake,† is about a father and son trip to a lake. The same lake that the father and his father went to year after year. White uses great detail and description in the essay to describe how the father feels about the lake and the way his son reacts to it. The father hopes that the son will enjoy the lake and the trip as much as he did when he was a young one. White allows the reader to believe that this essay is about the trip and trip only, but the story is about a father struggling to find himself. Throughout the whole story White suggests that the father is looking back on his childhood years and trying to relive them through his son’s eyes. At first, the father seems unable to adjust to the way things have changed around the lake. He seems a little uneasy that arriving at the lake was nothing to look forward to because it was all over in a few minutes. White writes how the father begins to find all the things that have changed since he had been there last. After pointing out the changes, the father begins to start seeing himself doing the same task as if he was still a little boy. He is trying to live a dual life at this point. He is being himself and trying to be his son at the same time. White writes, â€Å"I seemed to be living a dual existence† (740). White writes, â€Å"I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hand that held his rod, my eyes watching† (740). The father was so wrapped up in being his son that he began to think he was holding the rod and watching his boys hook. While on the trip, the father begins remembering all of his memories. The times he had shared with his father as a boy and now he was sharing them with his boy. White describes his memories of when he went with his father and how some will be shared with his son. It seems that the little bo... Free Essays on Lake's Reflection Free Essays on Lake's Reflection A chip off of the old block or not. E.B. White’s essay â€Å" Once More to the Lake,† is about a father and son trip to a lake. The same lake that the father and his father went to year after year. White uses great detail and description in the essay to describe how the father feels about the lake and the way his son reacts to it. The father hopes that the son will enjoy the lake and the trip as much as he did when he was a young one. White allows the reader to believe that this essay is about the trip and trip only, but the story is about a father struggling to find himself. Throughout the whole story White suggests that the father is looking back on his childhood years and trying to relive them through his son’s eyes. At first, the father seems unable to adjust to the way things have changed around the lake. He seems a little uneasy that arriving at the lake was nothing to look forward to because it was all over in a few minutes. White writes how the father begins to find all the things that have changed since he had been there last. After pointing out the changes, the father begins to start seeing himself doing the same task as if he was still a little boy. He is trying to live a dual life at this point. He is being himself and trying to be his son at the same time. White writes, â€Å"I seemed to be living a dual existence† (740). White writes, â€Å"I looked at the boy, who was silently watching his fly, and it was my hand that held his rod, my eyes watching† (740). The father was so wrapped up in being his son that he began to think he was holding the rod and watching his boys hook. While on the trip, the father begins remembering all of his memories. The times he had shared with his father as a boy and now he was sharing them with his boy. White describes his memories of when he went with his father and how some will be shared with his son. It seems that the little bo...

Short paper on American history (to 1877) Assignment

Short paper on American history (to 1877) - Assignment Example As the rest 13 colonies lacked the elected representatives in British parliament, they found the laws and policy illegitimate and in violation of their rights as Englishmen. (Shmoop Editorial Team, 2008) Many colonies started to create committees of correspondence leading to their own provincial congresses. These committees or provincial congresses in course of 2 years dismissed the British government rule. The colonies in addition to rejecting the British parliament replaced the political frame work of the state and gathered themselves and coordinated the first continental congress in 1774. Many Protestants then started to emerge, especially in the areas of Boston. In result of protests against British attempts to assert authority, Britain sent troops to combat and dissolve local governments and to impose direct royal officials decree. (The American Revolution) In answer colonies started to organize their military against British acts and soon after war broke out within the states. This war is a important bench mark in the history of American Independence and is known as revolutionary war. Even though many colonies decided to stay away from the war and sent repeated pleas to the British parliament yet the British king declared the 13 Colonies â€Å"In rebellion† and traitor. By 1776 these colonies on their own cast votes in second continental congress and adopted declaration of independence. Furthermore, U.S.A along with, with French, Spain and United provinces defeated Britain in 1777 at Saratoga. This made French have open alliance with U.S.A. later to confine British defeat, America with French army captured large part of British colony which was led by British general Charles Cornwallis at York town, Virginia in 1781. The successful capture put an end to British efforts to find military solutions to American problem. U.S.A was now an independent state and these thirteen colonies subsequently made the first thirteen states of

Media and Education Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media and Education - Personal Statement Example This report declares that there are diverse ways in which students at the college level can be able to practice serious reflections. Students should practice reflection by not utilizing internet while carrying out their assignments. They should learn to reflect on what they had learned during their class time and apply in their assignments. Assignment being part of the learning process should be given after a lecturer has tackled the topic. This will enable students think and reflect what they have been taught, and handle their tasks well. Use of technological devices such as calculator should be avoided and enable the students to reflect, think critically on tasks, and tackle them effectively. Simulation mode of study should be employed in colleges; these modes of study allow the student to apply what they had acquired during classroom and apply in an environment similar to the actual environment. This paper makes a conclusion that technology has rendered communities incapable to think and reflect rationally. Technology has come up with ways of doing things in shortcut and does not pose a challenge to individuals. Student are the ones affected most, with the presence of internet and communication system, it leads in students utilization of technology more than carrying out tasks on their own. For instances, mathematics are calculated using calculator instead of a student to think critically and reflects on what they were taught in class. Technology also has harbored individual’s creativity as most of the activities are carried through internet.

Analysis Of Ground Zero Tourism Essay

Analysis Of Ground Zero Tourism Essay In this section the author will analyse the different shades of dark tourism and analyse the shade and signification of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. In part of literature review, the author already has given out two main justifications for them, they are: memorial places and sign of the ugly side of war on terrorism. In this section, the author will have an in depth analysis these issues. Firstly, in previons section it is seen that dark exhibitions should be full of education, so the educational aspect will be looked at first. As people known, grief will damage the physical and mental health of human, and they should pay more attention on social activities, past memorises and get a vision for the future (Parkes 2002). Base on this theory, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum they record the grief of 9/11 terrorism attacks, but the new building of museum and rebuild the World Trade Center is a sign for people to remember the people who died in the attacks (memories of the past) and meet the new life (vision for the future), thus the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum confirm Parkerss (2002) point of view, telling people vividly about history and grief, thus these two places are not just places for people to remember, but also a sign for people to start a new life. In addition, in government website of 9/11 Memorial Museum they cooperated with New York City Department of Education and the New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education (2011) to make teaching plans to offer useful educational programs to offer information and knowledge about the events of 9/11, history of attacks, and the post 9/11 world. Meanwhile, they also help people who have lost people in the terrorism attacks out of the pain and grief. The government website said they received many parents message that they do not know how to teach their children the history about 9/11 and what happened in the 9/11 terrorism attacks, in this way the 9/11 Memorial Museum offer a plan on their website to all parents, on how to tell the true history of 9/11 event to their children, and this information is all free. The objective is to face up to the history is necessary for the people, and everybody has a right to understand the history, thus the teaching and learning plans of 9/11 Memorial M useum offer an effective way for people to understand their history. From these, the 9/11 Memorial Museum provided a wealth of information is telling visitors the dangers of terrorism, stay away from terrorism, against terrorism and peace loving, has a strong role in education. There is another reason for people to understand the real terrorism attacks in the museum that is museum cooperation with StoryCorps to record the terrorist attacks of 26/02/1993 and 11/09/2001, which include the narratives from survivors, rescue workers, witnesses, service providers and other people impacted by these events, therefore the museum tries to restore the historical truth (9/11 Memorial Museum website). Rogers and Soyka (2004) suggest through an interview, that a survivors description, recording and voices from the scene, and pictures of the scene, are the best ways to show a true picture of 9/11. Based on these the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum tells the real history which expands range of educational activities. Above mentioned which not only shows education function of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, but also expression the social function, that is restore the true history to people. Through education, they hope to publicise the harmfulness of terrorism. The other major significance of the Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum is tell people how terrible terrorism is and how human will always oppose terrorism (Espiritu and Moore 2008). Based on the voice of survivors which is on exhibition in 9/11Memorial Museum, reveals the dread, alarm, helplessness, hopelessness and pain when the attacks happened (Miller 2011). Ground Zero is rebuilding on the site of the World Trade Center, and when people pass the site, they can see the ruins, which shows the destructive effect of terrorism. Meanwhile, the pictures in the 9/11 Memorial Museum show the whole history of 9/11 and pass 9/11, it tells visitors the true ugly features of terrorism and how beautiful peace is, and the visitor will be shocked through these pictures ( Bohland 2004). To view the various of all kinds of pictures, and hear the voices in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, as well as the ruins of the World Trade Cent er, both show people the danger, destructive and terrible side of terrorism. In addition, apart from except the above section, one of the major significance of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum is to provide a venue for people around the world to remember the 9/11, as well as to commemorate the people killed in this terrorism attack. After 9/11 in 2001, many visitors that go to the World Trade Center site have visited to grieve over the deaths. Especially in 9/11 2011, the ten years of 9/11 terrorism attacks, have seem the American people hold comment that memorial activities in the World Trade Center site. BBC News (2011) on that day many people went into the World Trade Center in New York, the Pentagon and Pennsylvania to honour the victims. On September 10, former US president George W Bush laid a wreath to honour the victims and on September 8, there were two lights piercing the horizon from the World Trade Center site to honour the tenth anniversary after the terrorism attacks. The 9/11 Memorial Museum was opened on that day (9/11 Memorial Museum we bsite and NY1 news, 2011). The main 9/11 Memorial Museum chose to open on the tenth anniversary to honour 9/11 attack. That day, it opened for victims family and was opened to the public on 12/09/2011. Because many people go to Ground Zero to honour victims, in order to reduce the traffic, as well as not to affect construction work around Ground Zero, thus the government built the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are centres of the people to remember the 9/11 terrorist attacks events. Another significance is the sign for the war on terrorism, as mentioned in the literature review. After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, the American government published policies against terrorist, and the World Trade Center was seen as the centre of the terrorist attacks, thus the new construction on the site of the World Trade Center has become one of the important symbol of the U.S. government anti terrorism (Melnick 2009). Education, restore true history, shows terrible of terrorism and sign of war on terrorism are major significations related to these two sites. Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum play a very important role on the fight against terrorism, and full of social function (education people, restore history) and service function (provide the pictures, videos, voice to people and provide places for people to remember) Based on the significations and the shade of dark tourism mentioned in the literature review, in the next section the author will use the table 1 to analysis the shade of the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum. 4.2-2 Shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum Referring to the literature review, Miles (2002) writes that authors should understand distinction between sites associated with death and suffering, and sites of death and suffering. Based on this theory, Stone (2006) gives an example of Auschwitz Birkenau as a site of death and suffering, but the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC is belong to sites associated with death and suffering. Because the Auschwitz Birkenau is the direct place that the Nazi imprison and massacre the people, however, the US Holocaust Memorial Museum is a museum to memorial the massacre, it is a place to memorial the events, thus the shade of the Auschwitz Birkenau isdarker than the US Holocaust Memorial Museum. In Stones (2006) paper, he suggests that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦recent death and tragic events that may be transported in live memory through survivors or witnesses are perhaps darker than other events that have descended into the distant past Because of this, those dark events like the Auschwitz Birkenau and the Ground Zero which can be described as darker because of them can be proved by the survival and living the place could arouse a greater sense of empathy (Stone, 2006). As the above theories, the author considered the Ground Zero can be classified in darker and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is lighter than former, could be describe as dark. In the following part, the author will use table to analysis more details to explain why the Ground Zero is belong to darker and 9/11 Memorial Museum is dark Analysis through the table 1 from top to bottom, the first one is about polities. As known after 9/11 terrorism attacks events, American government implementation of a series of anti terrorism policies, and the strength is more strong than before the 9/11 events. The main and official aim is to exterminate al Qaeda and other terrorist organizations. In 2002, the Bush administration will be the definition of state terrorism as the primary threat in the United States, and replace religious terrorism and defined Iraq and Iran as the main terrorism base because who have weapons of mass destruction (CNN U.S. 2002). Followed by March 2003, U.S. government sent troop to Iraq and announces the Iraq was a part of war on terrorism, it opened the prelude of the war on terrorism, and in April 2003 the Baghdad the capital of Iraq was fell and the government of Saddam Hussein was dissolved. After 9/11 events, former American President Bush, G. W. operation with former President of Pakistan to ag ainst the Taliban government in Afghanistan (USA Today News, 2006). In 2005, American government to amend the anti terrorism policy, and requalification terrorism objects, from original single al Qaeda expanded to more than 20 organisations (Argomaniz, 2010). Meanwhile, American government established Homeland Security Department to build a safer and more powerful structure of the Homeland Security Department (Department of Homeland Security website). This series of policy changes is the 9/11 events brought to American government, also caused changes in government policy. Based on table 1, it shows if the site has a higher political influence it will be trend to darker, thus Ground Zero as the events center it should be belong to darker. However, the 9/11 Memorial Museum as a new building to remember the people death in 9/11 it not influence the polities, but why it is also classified in the darker or dark, it can not just analysis one aspect, it will be explain from other element of table 1. The next element will be analysed is education orientation. At the first of this part the author already mentioned the signification of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, it include full content of education. Based on above information, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are have high education for people, and the 9/11 Memorial Museum also offer many useful action to show the educational significance to visitors, and some project in museum could help the parents to teach their children, this is also played a significant role in the education of next generation. On this element, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are have a very strong education role, thus them should be part of darker. From history aspect, Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum both are record the history. In the table 1, it say of the sites are trend to darkest which should be the history centric and conservation of commemorative. As know, Ground Zero is build in the site of the World Trade Center, the new building is witness of this history of 9/11 events and 9/11 Memorial Museum collected many pictures, voices, stories and videos about that events, it the best save of that events, shows real history and also can restore the truth history for future generations. In term of commemorative, the author already gives out many factors to proved Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum full of memorable. It is worth mentioning that based on the 9/11 Memorial Museum website the purpose and mission is better remember and memorial people who death in 9/11 attacks. Consequently, there is no doubt that these two places main function is memory. In this regard, they also trend to be darker. There is another side also can prove Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are pertain to darker. Based on shade of dark tourism, if product include perceived authentic it could be belong to darker. Although, Ground Zero is building in the site of the World Trade Center, the new building will recover the site, but the face of terrorist attacks at this site will not be changed and many memorial activates in here could engender a degree empathy to visitors. The products in 9/11 Memorial Museum are the directly materials which related to the terrorist attacks, such as pictures of the scene of terrorist attacks, video recording of the World Trade Center which was attacked., photos of victims and people can share the story about 9/11 attacks, all of these are let people feel very directly of destructive of 9/11 attacks. These products of 9/11 Memorial Museum can make a strong resonance for visitors. Direct show 9/11 and make visitors feel a real 9/11 are the feature of products in Ground Z ero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. In the table 1, it mentioned the location authenticity. In this paper the author has been mentioned many times that Ground Zero is build in the site of the World Trade Center and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is near by the attacks site, in terms of location these two place are very close to terrorist attacks. The last one is tourism infrastructure and supply. The infrastructure is defined as basic facility and physical for an organization needed for operation or service to match the function and aim (Jeffrey, 2009). After Ground Zero build, it will be use as business it must include many high level and complete facilities and infrastructure for people, in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, in order to provide a good service to visitors the museum also use many high tech infrastructure. Concerned to supple of 9/11 Memorial Museum, the purpose is very clear, that is to remember the 9/11 terrorist attacks, as well as the victims. Based on these two aspects and table 1, Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum they are not trend to darker. However, consider the issued should from different perspective to analysis and then conclude. Based on analysis from above, in the vast majority of aspects the shade of Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are trend to darker side, thus the author consider Ground Z ero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are belong to darker in the shade of dark tourism. 4.2 3 Conclusion In this section, the author give out more details about the signification, shown that Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are full of memorable and historical dark tourism sites. It also a major symbol of the war on terror. Especially the 9/11 Memorial Museum, is very suitable for school and parents to educate the children abut the 9/11 attacks, and make them know how horrible the terrorism is, at the same time is the best place to memorial victims. Understand the shade could help the author depth understand Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum as a multifaceted and complex tourism products. Based on Stones (2006) point, dark not means bad, the darker is closer to the actual event. In Stone (2006) paper says Auschwitz Birkenau can be described as darker. In this case study, the author based on elements of table 1 (the shade of dark tourism) to analysis Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum form many aspect and concluded Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum are trend to darker th at is rigorous and theoretical basis. Understanding of nature of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum, enables the author better analysis the strategies which Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum they used in operations, and help the 9/11 Memorial Museum better to achieve the goals and aim. In the next part, the author will based on these information which mentioned above and through the main strategies for Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum from 2001 to 2011 to depth analysis details about strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. 4.3 Strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum 4.3 1 Differentiation strategy In this section, the author will analysis the strategies of Ground Zero and 9/11 Memorial Museum. In the table 2, the author summarized the main strategies which used during 2001 to 2011, from the table it shows the main strategies of these two places is rebuild and build a new building to memory which decided by American and New York government. In 2001, after 9/11 attacks, American government decided to rebuild the World Trade Center at the site and quickly began to implement this plan, in same year announced the Lower Manhattan Development Corporation (LMDC) as the official commission. From this, American government officially began the reconstruction of the World Trade Center. Meanwhile, in the same year, after 9/11 attacks American government published some anti terrorist policies, this mean America declared war on terror, and rebuild the World Trade Center is also a reflection of the war on terrorism. The strategy of rebuild the World Trade Center is not only to memory the 9/1 1 attacks, to revive the confidence of Americans, it is also a reflection of terrorism by the American government (Melnick, 2010). During these ten years, the other main construction strategy is build the 9/11 Memorial Museum. In 2004 the official commission Lower Manhattan Development Corporation decisions design the museum and in 2005 design the mission of museum. Determine of mission is also determine the characteristically of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Based on the 9/11 Memorial Museum website the museum has two main mission. The first is remembered and honor the victims by terrorists in the horrific attacks of February 26, 1993 and September 11, 2001 and this is a very important main mission of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The second is respect this place made sacred through tragic loss. Based on the mission, it caused the author chose differentiation and cost leadership strategies to develop the 9/11 Memorial Museum which was mentioned in the literature review. In September 11, 20 11, the ten anniversary of 9/11 the 9/11 Memorial Museum was opened for victims families and September 12, 2011 opened for public for memorial and the museum will open in 2013 (Cohen, 2012). These strategies are specific actions of American and New York government, the author considered that need more professional strategy framework to analysis the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum and give out more details. Because Ground Zero will be as a business center in the future (Watts, 2009) and the memorial function is a part of it, thus in this section the author will pay more attention on strategies of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Based on the mission and Porters framework (Evans et, al. 2003 refer Porter, 1985) the author chose two strategies to develop the 9/11 Memorial Museum. The first one is differentiation. Evans et, al (2003) point that the main benefits for differentiation strategy are the following four aspect. The first is the products will be sale by a premium price, because the product is different from others, thus the product could be as an advantage for the organisation and the price will add more value. The second benefit is demand for its product will be less price elastic than demand for competitors products, that means the product is in a class by the organisation, the organisation could decide the elastic of price by themselves. The next is average profits can be earned. And the last one is can create good environment for entry the industry and new market. Distinctive product could help the organisation attracts more customer if the product meet the customers needs, and can be occupy domina nt position in the competitive. Meanwhile, Evans et, al (2003) also give out the some suggestions for organisations to help them how to achieve a successful differentiation strategy. There are five ways. The first way is creating a superior product than competitors, which is means the product will be excellent in the industry. Then is offer a superior level of service, the quality and characteristics of the product is important, but it is also very important for services, that include pre sale service, the services of sale, as well as after sales services. The third is the organisation should have a superior distribution channels, a good distribution channels could make the orgainsation occupy a better network and branches and will take more newcomer. The next one is creating a strong brand image, the status of the brand image in customers mind is increasingly important. In the same price, or a little bit of price difference, customers often choose the product which has a good bra nd image. The last one is offer a superior promotion, based on Evans et, al (2003) a successful promotion could give a very deep impression for customers, when they wants to buy similar products, their mind will think of the organisations products first and the choice of customers will take precedence. In this case study, as the Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum are nonprofit organisation, therefore main aim of them are not earn profit, thus the author will main focus on services, brand image and promotion to analysis. Primarily, the author will analysis the service of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. A high quality services could offer a good atmosphere to customers. In the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the organisatin should try them best to make a good environment for victims families and visitors memory. In this aspect, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers many useful products for customers and also provides services for customers requirements. Firstly, the 9/11 Memorial Museum offers true information about terrorism attacks for visitors, it include pictures, video, stories from survival and others. In the website of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the author found some people ask them do not know how to tell their children what is terrorism and how to tell a real 9/11 attacks for next generation, the 9/11 Memorial Museum based on visitors needs to offer many documents about talk to children about 9/11, and cooperation with the New York City Department of Education and the New Jersey Commission on Holocaust Education to offer 9/11 lessons for people and to meet the mission of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. For visitors come to the 9/11 Memorial Museum the main purpose is to memory, based on this, the 9/11 Memorial Museum hold memorial exhibition, and the exhibition provide an opportunity for visitors to learn about the men, women and children who died on September 11, 2001 and February 26, 1993, the 9/11 Memorial Museum use a corridor to show photographs of the nearly 3000 victims form a wall of faces who died in the terrorism attacks to visitors. Visitor can better memory the victims through this way, and the wall of faces will help visitors more intuitive understand many people died in terrorism attacks and understand the destructive of terrorism. Not all the visitors can go to the 9/11 Memorial Museum to visit, in this reason, the 9/11 Memorial Museum use google earth to explore the 9/11 memorial within the context of the surrounding landscape of lower Manhattan. This is include mapping program, cre ates a virtual look at the World Trade Center site, dimensionally accurate 3D model and other planned projects at the 16 acre site. This can better meet more peoples requirements who want to memory 9/11 and victims, and also provides a good platform for visitor to know about the 9/11 and understanding terrorism. Then is brand image, as a memorial site the brand of 9/11 Memorial Museum is different from other organisations. The 9/11 attacks is the brand of the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Refer mentioned above, the brand image could help organisation attracts more customers, but for the 9/11 Memorial Museum it not want to attract visitors, it want to offer a real 9/11 to visitors. Frank (2008) refers that for a museum a strong brand image can be a major asset and should position of the institutional brand, and for a new museum it can try to establish with an unusual subject. For the 9/11 Memorial Museum, it certainly exhibition an unusual show. The 9/11 Memorial Museum as a one of the most important places to memorial of the 9/11, its position is unique. Mentioned 9/11 people would think about the World Trade Center and Ground Zero, and when mentioned where to memory the people will choose Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, in the other hands the purpose to build the 9/11 Memorial Museum is t he government want to offer a dedicated place for memory. As a result the brand image of the 9/11 Memorial Museum is unique and it is a strong image in visitors mind who want to memory the victims died in 9/11 attacks. Frank (2008) also point out a good brand image can provide reinforcement of mission, operating stability and increased revenue. In this theory, the 9/11 Memorial Museum in order to meet the mission, it should keep and maintain unique brand, and through offer real information about 9/11 attacks and high level of service to improve the brand image to make more people choose the 9/11 Memorial Museum to memory and understand the 9/11 attacks. The last one is promotion. As a memory place the main purpose it make visitors get more experiences from the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Carman (2010) points out the important thing for promotion to museum status is understand why do people visit museums at all? In this case study the author mentioned many times, the visitors go to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is in order to memory and understand the real 9/11 attacks, thus the promotion of the 9/11 Memorial Museum should based on the purpose to decided. Also based on the website of 9/11 Memorial Museum it not try to attract many visitors through promotion, it just use promotion to publicity how threatening and destructive of terrorism, and will bring huge damage for human. In this reason, the promotion for the 9/11 Memorial Museum is different from other museum, in the website the 9/11 Memorial Museum established a special column about 9/11 attacks, people could share stories in there. This special column offer a platform for survivor, victims families, and visitors to deep feel 9/11 attacks, in this column there are many stories shared, and it is a effective way to stimulate people go to the 9/11 Memorial Museum to visit and to know more. Wherefore, the 9/11 Memorial Museum should show some experiences to people to motive them, make more visitors come to the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and achieve the aim for make more people understand 9/11 and approach the mission. 4.3 2 Cost leadership strategy Based on Evans et, al. (2003) the benefits for an organisation through strategy of cost leadership are summarised as following aspects, the first one is the organisation could earn high profits and possibility to increase both sale and market share in the industry. Then is help organization entry new market and particularly valuable in a market where customers are price sensitive. How to make this strategy successful? Refer to Evans et, al (2003) they give out some way to achieve this strategy: reducing cost : reduce cost is a effective way to occupy more market share, because the organisation has price advantage. using less expensive resource inputs: reduce the inputs could make organisation ensure the price advantage, eg: easyJet. Producing products with no frills, this way could reducing labour cost and increasing labour productivity. Achieving economies of scale by high volume sales: the high volume of sales is a good way to ensure the profits. For the 9/11 Memorial Museum and Ground Zero, they are nonprofits organisations, but they have many partner to support them, especially for the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Through the website, the partners are including: 9/11 National Day of Service, 9/11 Tribute Center, Project Rebirth, Story Corps and Voices of September 11th. All of them are helping the 9/11 Memorial Museum to enrich content. Evans et, al (2003) refer that the definition of cost leadership is organisation and managing its value adding activities so as to be the lowest cost producer of a product (a good or service) within an industry The information from the website of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the budget for the 9/11 Memorial Museum funded by private and public funds, is $530 million, and in additional, New York State grant $80 million. A wide range of support for the government decided to build the 9/11 Memorial Museum to reduce the burden. Compare with other museums, the 9/11 Memorial Museum add and attach a lot of significance which was mentioned in the above. Special signification of historical and memorable for the 9/11 Memorial Museum makes this museum has a certain degree of competitiveness. Moreover, the 9/11 Memorial Museum provides various useful products, information and hold many activities (these are mentioned in 4.2 and 4.3 1) to meet visitors needs, all of these are make this museum as the choice to memory the 9/11 for many people. 4.3 3 Conclusion The 9/11 Memorial Museum as a nonprofits organisation, strategies for it not in order to earn money, the aim for these strategies are help the 9/11 Memorial Museum achieve the aim and mission. As a place for people to memory 9/11 attacks, the 9/11 Memorial Museum should provide a very high level and quality of service to people, and ensure the visitors could take experiences from the 9/11 Memorial Museum. Miles (2002) points out à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦dark tourism site must engender a degree of empathy between the sightseer and the past victim (or product) For the 9/11 Memorial Museum, many products are collection by primary resources, such as photographs, videotapes, voice messages, recovered property, clothing and other personal effects, workplace memorabilia, incident specific documents, and original writings including letters, e mails and diaries, all of them will stimulate visual sense, emotion, empathy and mood of the visitors. However, these strategies which mentioned above are useful way for the 9/11 Memorial Museum to engender empathy with visitors. In this section, the author anaysis how the differentiation and cost leadership strategies used in the 9/11 Memorial Museum, and give out the signification and functions of these strategies. Because of these strategies, which ensure the 9/11 Memorial Museum achieve the mission and the aim, and the continuous realisation of the aim and mission ensure the 9/11 Memorial Museum has been in a position to provide people with a positive sense. In the 4.1 the author analysis the negative and positive of dark tourism, avoid the negative aspects and develop the positive aspect is very serious for a museum, in terms of the 9/11 Memorial Museum, keep the positive mission and follow the mission to decide strategies could avoid negative aspects as much as possible. Chapter 5 Conclusion This chapter aims to bring together and conclude the main findings and procedures of this case study. The author uses secondary research to collect the information and data and uses theory for analysis, starting with characteristics and properties of dark tourism, Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum which include the nature, positive aspects and negative aspects, these analyse help the author achieve the objective about an evaluate dark tourism, and relate to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum is closed to the case study. Then specific to Ground Zero and the 9/11 Memorial Museum, the chapter 4.2 analyse significance and shade of them. In this chapter the author began